Remediation of Cd and Cu Contaminated Agricultural Soils near Oilfields by Biochar Combined with Sodium Humate-Wood Vinegar

Soil contaminations by heavy metals near oilfields have been widely reported and are causing great concern. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop cost-effective materials methods avoid metal residues contaminating soil food. An effective, environmentally friendly, inexpensive remediation material for metal-polluted was designed prepared using biochar (BC) combined with humic acid (HA) resulting from sodium humate (NaHA) simply reacting wood vinegar (BHW). After adding BHW, the chemical fractions of copper cadmium in undergo larger changes. Meanwhile, availability decreases. The maximum adsorption capacity BHW than that only biochar. kinetics ensures process Cd2+ Cu2+ ions on adsorption, which best fitted pseudo-second-order rate equation. thermodynamics guarantees adsorb heterogeneous surface multilayer, credited enhancement oxygen-containing groups acid. holds promise immobilization soils could be recommended based its economic feasibility, high efficacy, environmental safety.